Own Labels In The Uk Smoothies Market Marketing Essay

Own Labels In The Uk Smoothies Market Marketing Essay For the motivations behind this report a smoothie will be characterized as a beverage that is made with unadulterated squashed natural product, yet which may likewise incorporate a modest quantity of organic product juice or purã ©e, yogurt, milk or soymilk, and is smooth in surface (Mintel, 2010). 1.2 The UK Smoothie Market Despite the fact that the smoothies showcase in the UK appreciated a time of astoundingly solid development of over 150% somewhere in the range of 2005 and 2007, this has now been slowed down by the effect of the ongoing monetary downturn and shoppers changing their dedication to elective, less expensive unadulterated natural product drinks. Just as experiencing negative monetary conditions, smoothie produces have neglected to persuade UK buyers that the beverages are not loaded with calories and are not awful for their teeth., in spite of solid opposing proof from the British Nutrition Foundation. The consequence of the entirety of this is the smooothies showcase declined by some 36% somewhere in the range of 2007 and 2009 (Mintel Report Sales Brochure, 2010). The brand chief in the smoothie showcase, Innocent, has to a great extent been liable for fuelling the development in the market and regardless of the general market downturn, it despite everything orders a 80% piece of the overall industry. Be that as it may, Innocents piece of the overall industry has been helped, by its own presentation, yet additionally by the choice taken by PepsiCo to evacuate its PJs image in mid 2009. PepsiCos justification for evacuating the brand was that it empowered it to concentrate on its top of the line Tropicana brand, which added a smoothie to its range in February 2008 (Lewis, 2008). The smoothie advertise is currently giving indications of a delicate recuperation and Mintel estimates that improved monetary conditions, along with the expanded infiltration of the childrens showcase, will see the smoothies segment coming back to development before long observe Figure 1 underneath (Mintel Report Sales Brochure, 2010). FIGURE 1 Trends and Forecast for Volume Sales of Smoothies, 2005-2015 Complete List % yearly change m liters 2005 27 66 +69 2006 52 127 +93 2007 70 171 +35 2008 60 146 - 14 2009 45 110 - 25 2010 (est) 41 100 - 9 2011 (front) 44 107 +7 2012 (proj) 48 116 +9 2013 (proj) 53 130 +12 2014 (proj) 58 141 +8 2015 (proj) 64 155 +10 2.0 The Importance of Branding in the Smoothies Market With purchasers getting progressively refined and certain about having the option to separate between the contributions of different providers in a commercial center, the estimation of a solid brand has never been increasingly basic (Mitchell et al., p.201. 2003). As indicated by Aaker (p.95, 1996), to be effective, brands should offer shoppers an incentive, which comprises utilitarian, enthusiastic and self-expressive advantages. Marking is basic in the soda pops showcase overall. For instance, Coca-Cola (a partner in Innocent) accepts that 96% of its complete worth as a business can be ascribed to its image (Knox, 2004). In the smoothies showcase the brand chief, Innocent, has exhibited the estimation of a solid brand. The name Innocent positions the brand as straightforward, unadulterated and safe hence conveying both practical and enthusiastic advantages inside its image offer. There are various reasons why marking is basic to achievement in the smoothies advertise, specifically: Customers are skeptical about producers cases of the medical advantages of smoothies. Customers accept smoothies are too costly contrasted with other organic product drinks. Since smoothies are a moderately new item in the market they don't resound with the 45+ age bunch which is a conceivably huge market fragment for smoothies. The dispersion of smoothies depends too intensely on the enormous grocery store ties leaving them open to rivalry from general store own brands. Smoothies brands have to a great extent perceived the benefit of marking in the commercial center and this is prove by a three crease increment in complete publicizing spend in the part in 2009/10. The main brands have developed a great deal of brand value thus (see Figure 2). Be that as it may, notwithstanding this the main brands have not had the option to depend on their image notoriety and value to support deals, rather they have needed to limit the cost of their items broadly in 2008/9, which may affect contrarily on the value of the brands in the more drawn out term. Figure 2: Personalities of Various Smoothie Brands, May 2010 Benecol Blameless Ellas Kitchen Tropicana Normal Base: web clients matured 16+ who have known about the brand 1,517 1,795 674 1,718 % % % % % Legitimate 10 19 10 16 14 Exhausting 9 2 4 3 4 Cool 6 21 10 16 14 Scrumptious 9 35 10 28 21 Locks in 5 12 6 8 8 Energizing 4 19 9 11 11 Fun 5 26 12 15 14 Certified 14 23 12 20 17 Solid 42 49 19 36 36 Regular 23 43 18 31 29 Reviving 9 30 11 34 21 Extraordinary 9 22 8 11 12 Tired 4 1 3 3 3 Customary 8 7 8 19 10 Unappealing 11 4 5 4 6 Undesirable 1 1 2 2 2 Dynamic 4 18 8 13 11 Source: GMI/Mintel 3.0 The Threat from Own Labels in the Smoothies Market The development of general store own name brands is bigly affecting the offer of maker marked, quick moving, shopper products (Veloutsou, 2004). General store own mark brands are not, at this point only the lower quality and lower evaluated options in contrast to producer marks that they used to be as since the late 1990s they have been offering a veritable quality alternative for buyers (Burt, 2000). Watchmen (p.49, 1989), incorporates the danger from substitute items as one of the five powers in his model of industry contenders see Figure 3 beneath. FIGURE 3 : Porters Five Forces Model of Industry Competitors : Substitute items, as own names, represent a noteworthy danger to set up brands in the smoothie commercial center. The main brands, for example, Innocent, are experiencing buyers changing to claim name smoothie and organic product juice items, in the shorter term, due for the most part to value contemplations. The degree of this switch is prove by the way that the huge stores currently rule the natural product juice drinks advertise with their own brands (Keynote, 2010). 4.0 The Brand Position of Tropicana in the UK Smoothes Market Most popular for its organic product juice items Tropicana propelled its smoothie in 2008 upheld by a  £4.5 million limited time crusade. Proprietors PepsiCo expected that the Tropicana smoothie would fill the hole left by its withdrawal of the PJs brand. In any case, regardless of the immense interest in limited time backing and PepsiCos information on the soda pops showcase, Tropicana has neglected to convey. In spite of the fact that it is currently the second biggest of the maker brands, as far as piece of the overall industry, it is far behind the brand chief, Innocent. Its deals and piece of the pie have likewise taken a crash from its pinnacle of 2008 see Figure 4 beneath. Figure 4 : Trends for Take-home Market Share of Smoothie Brands, 2007-2009 2007 2008 2009 2007-09  £m % share  £m % share  £m % share % point distinction Honest 150 71 120 71 100 80 - 33 PJs* 25 12 10 6 na na na Tropicana Smoothies 8 4 15 9 3 2 - 63 Ellas Kitchen 1.5 1 2.2 1 2.5 2 67 Sub-all out 185 88 147 87 106 84 - 43 Others 4 2 5 3 4 3 Own-mark 22 10 18 10 16 12 - 28 All out 210 100 170 100 125 100 - 40 * brand suspended in late 2008 Notwithstanding its poor deals execution in 2009, Tropicana is certainly not a terrible entertainer, regarding its intrigue to shoppers, with a little more than 66% of those overviewed by Mintel saying that they loved it and would get it once more. In any case, most customers despite everything see Tropicana as a juice and not a smoothies brand. 5.0 Summary and Conclusions Following a critical time of development, the smoothies advertise has declined over the most recent two years and is just barely giving indications of recuperation. The market is ruled by Innocent and different brands, for example, Tropicana, have neglected to set up a significant a dependable balance in spite of huge advertising spends. Brand notoriety and value is critical to the accomplishment of smooothies and Innocent has effectively settled its image in the buyer mind. Regarding utilizing its image then Tropicana has an inalienable issue see that it is still most popular as an organic product juice, not a smoothie, brand. It needs, consequently, to assemble its notoriety for being a smoothies brand by conveying an incentive focused on explicitly at smoothie consumers and bolstered by its image quality in the juices advertise. The way that buyers for the most part like its smoothie item and would get it again are a decent establishment for future development. Likewise, considering the brand character scores appeared in Figure 2, where Tropicana is for the most part in runner up, there are chances to expand on the brand qualities of true, cool tasty fun and certifiable, in future limited time action. The short timeframe of realistic usability of all smoothies makes it hard for them to infiltrate the on-exchange. Be that as it may, smoothies have not so much focused on themselves at the drive buy purchaser and, thus, this is an expected region of development similar to the to a great extent lacking childrens advertise. -

Aluminum Essay -- essays research papers

Aluminum, image Al, the most bottomless metallic component in the world's covering. The nuclear number of aluminum is 13; the component is in bunch 13 (IIIa) of the intermittent table. Hans Christian Orstead, Danish scientific expert, first detached aluminum in 1825, utilizing a substance procedure including potassium amalgam. Somewhere in the range of 1827 and 1845, Friedrich Wã ¶hler, a German scientist, improved Oersted's procedure by utilizing metallic potassium. He was the first to gauge the particular gravity of aluminum and show its delicacy. In 1854 Henri Sainte-Claire Deville, in France, acquired the metal by diminishing aluminum chloride with sodium. Helped by the monetary support of Napoleon III, Deville built up an enormous scope trial plant and showed unadulterated aluminum at the Paris Exposition of 1855. Aluminum is a lightweight, brilliant metal. The nuclear load of aluminum is 26.9815; the component softens at 660â ° C (1220â ° F), bubbles at 2467â ° C (4473â ° F), and has a particular gravity of 2.7. Aluminum is a firmly electropositive metal and incredibly receptive. In contact with air, aluminum quickly gets secured with an extreme, straightforward layer of aluminum oxide that opposes further destructive activity. Hence, materials made of aluminum don't stain or rust. The metal lessens numerous other metallic mixes to their base metals. For instance, when thermite (a blend of powdered iron oxide and aluminum) is warmed, the aluminum quickly expels the oxygen from the iron; the warmth of the response is adequate to soften the iron. This marvel is utilized in the thermite procedure for welding iron . The oxide of aluminum is amphotericâ€showing both acidic and fundamental properties. The most significant mixes incorporate the oxide, hydroxide, sulfate, and blended sulfate mixes. Anhydrous aluminum chloride is significant in the oil and manufactured synthetic businesses. Numerous gemstonesâ€ruby and sapphire, for exampleâ€consist mostly of crystalline aluminum oxide. Aluminum is the most bounteous metallic constituent in the covering of the earth; just the nonmetals oxygen and silicon are increasingly inexhaustible. Aluminum is never found as a free metal; ordinarily as aluminum silicate or as a silicate of aluminum blended in with different metals, for example, sodium, potassium, iron, calcium, and magnesium. These silicates are not valuable metals, for it is artificially troublesome, and accordingly a costly procedure, to remove aluminum from them. bauxite a debased h... ...stick of such compartments is an undeniably significant vitality preservation measure. Aluminum's protection from erosion in salt water likewise makes it helpful in pontoon structures and different oceanic gadgets. A wide assortment of covering combinations and created amalgams can be readied that invigorate the metal more prominent, castability, or protection from consumption or high temperatures. Some new amalgams can be utilized as shield plate for tanks, faculty transporters, and other military vehicles. In 1886 the world creation of aluminum was under 45 kg (under 100 lb), and its cost was more than $11 per kg (more than $5 per lb). In 1989, on the other hand, the evaluated world creation of essential aluminum was 18 million metric tons and an expected 4 million metric tons was delivered in the United States alone, while the cost of aluminum was under $2 per kg. U.S. utilization, by significant markets, comprised of holders and bundling, 31 percent; building and development, 20 percent; transportation, 24 percent; electric hardware, 10 percent; customer durables, 9 percent; and incidental, 6 percent. In 1989, reused aluminum represented more than 20 percent of all out aluminum utilization in the United States.

Life as a Finance Major

Life as a Finance Major Hey everyone! It’s been awhile since I last posted, so I want to begin by saying congratulations to all you new Illini (and I’m sorry I’m almost 2 weeks late)! You should be so proud of yourselves, you did it!! You’re in for a wonderful time of growth and personal development, regardless of which school  you end up choosing. Speaking of growth, I wanted to talk about life since declaring as a Finance major. Now that I’m a second-semester sophomore, I’m mostly taking classes that count toward my degree and are within the College of Business. I’m currently in FIN 300 (Financial Markets), which is a notoriously hard finance class, but I have to say I’m actually learning a lot. Right now we’re working on an investment  simulation through UISES. Its a cool way to test different investment strategies and build a stock portfolio  (with fake money, of course). It’s a totally different feeling when you’re in a classroom surrounded by people who are just as passionate about the subject as you are. I guess the biggest difference is that we’re now not only expected to ace our assignments, but also to be experts about what’s going on in the real worldâ€"cue Yahoo! Finance and the Wall Street Journal. It can be a little intimidating sometimes, but I’m enjoying the learning process. I’m hoping that as a result of surviving FIN 300, I’ll actually know what I’m talking about (or at least sound like I do) when it comes to all things finance. gif from tumblr Ria Class of 2018 I'm studying both Finance and Information Systems and Information Technology in the Gies College of Business. I’m from Los Altos, California.

Romes Legacy of Gladiators Essay - 900 Words

Gladiators Rome had many great things, especially within their love of brutality. Many of the Roman people enjoyed to take a break from their hard, ancient, lives and watch some grown men battle people, lions, tigers, and bears to the death (oh my!). Gladiators were a huge part of the Roman society and a large part of Roman culture. The people of Rome loved gladiator battles. The Roman coliseum was built in order to fit the standards of a bloody, brutal battle while also being able to keep thousands of Roman citizens comfortable and entertained. Gladiators were usually prisoners of war brought from conquered regions, as well as Christians and criminals accused for harness crimes including: thievery, rape, and murder. Gladiators were†¦show more content†¦They had many things that we as Americans utilize in our current culture. Many of the main Roman influences include government, art, entertainment, and construction. Roman government is the origin for all of our current gov ernment system. The Romans has three branches of government: the legislative, the executive, and the judicial. The executive had two councils that decided on pretty much every affair within the empire. In the legislative branch was a senate, which advised the executive branch. Lastly in the judicial they had a Supreme Court. Also there was a written law consisting of twelve tablets that gave allowed the citizens to know their rights. As one can tell, the Roman system of government is much like the one currently residing in the United States of America. Americans built many of the buildings in Washington DC like the Romans did. The use of specific types of column and arches with the use of marble and concrete made the buildings look much like the ones used in Rome almost two-thousand and thirteen years ago. Art also made a huge impact on American society. Both Rome and America used realistic people and realistic nature for their pictures. Entertainment wise the people of Rome and the people of American share some what the same interest in the same things. For example gladiators and horse races evolved to boxing and Nascar. Also physically demanding thingsShow MoreRelatedThe Legacy of Rome Essay998 Words   |  4 PagesRoman Gladiators were a highly trained group of people who fought against other gladiators and animals in the Roman coliseums. Most gladiators were slaves captured from other countries that Rome fought. Once Rome conquested their lands, the gladiators were taken prisoner and escorted back to Rome. Once in Rome, they went to the ludus gladiatorius, or Gladiator school, to be trained. 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With knowledge borrowed from the Greeks, Rome made impressive architectural achievements, these were namely major attributes of buildings, colossal structures, and a legacy that would influence later buildings (Cornell and MatthewsRead More Julius Caesar Essay2437 Words   |  10 Pages Julius Caesar’s legacy and attributes are just as robust today as they were in his time. From the time he took power to the time of his death he accomplished more than many other men would have done in a lifetime. He brought the Roman Empire to its height and from his death on, the Empire did nothing but fall. He was one of the world’s greatest leaders and probably the best. At the age of 15 Caesar became head of his family when his father died in 85bc. His family wanted him to pursue a religious

The Effects Of Hiv On A Healthy Lifestyle - 1553 Words

which can cause the virus to spread. However, this issue has recently been solved by producing take-home tests like Oraquick so an individual can take the test in the privacy of their own home and get the results very quickly, rather than waiting for results at a doctor’s office. Although, even if these take-home tests can be effective, they can produce a false negative or a false positive because, for example, Oraquick uses an oral sample from the gums of a person’s mouth than a blood sample, which can cause a false result because there are many confounding variables that can mess with the test (O’Connell, 2003). Thus, it seems better to have a person’s blood drawn to get the most accurate results. Although, for individuals who have contracted HIV, there are certain steps a person can take to live a healthy lifestyle. Most people assume that after a person has contracted HIV, then it is over and there is nothing that person can do. It is true that the HI V virus does not have a cure, but it does not mean that people have to let the virus consume them by thinking there is nothing they can do. If the individual found out early the HIV virus was in their body, they can go to a HIV medical care and receive â€Å"antiretroviral† therapy (HIV/AIDS, 2014). This means the person would receive several antiretroviral medicines that would slow down the rate of the HIV cells(HIV/AIDS, 2014). This means this will slow down how fast the HIV cells take and replace the immune cells inShow MoreRelatedTreating Hiv : A Life Destroying Disease1297 Words   |  6 PagesStevie Riggs Essay 2 Amcult 365 What To Know About Treating HIV HIV has been a life destroying disease since the early 1980s. Originally discovered in gay men, it was once thought to only effect homosexuals. Thankfully to great efforts on research and outbreaks in hemophiliacs, it is now associated with other social groups outside of the gay community. 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Stronger Faster Smarter Free Essays

Stronger, Faster, Smarter By Mary Carmichael A. Account The text â€Å"Stronger, Faster, Smarter† written by Mary Carmichael states that exercise is the key to develop a healthier and smarter brain. According to the text, studies show that exercise such as aerobic doesn’t only increase the size of the muscles via the increased blood flow, the same thing happens to the brain. We will write a custom essay sample on Stronger Faster Smarter or any similar topic only for you Order Now More blood equals more oxygen, which helps maintain the brain cells nourished better. The same kind of exercise has also coaxed the human brain to produce new nerve cells and caused older nerve cells to form interconnected webs that make the brain run faster and more efficiently. All which results in a stronger, faster and smarter brain. These statements are fully held out by research in the field of neuroscience and kinesiology described in the text and also confirmed in the field of biochemistry. With the view of a biochemist the evidence lies on the molecular level. When exercising, our muscles contract and release and within this particular motion a protein called IGF-1 finds it way to the brain through the bloodstream. This protein informs the brain of the increased activity due to the exercise, which makes the brain crank up its production of different chemicals needed to keep the body working in a new and more stressed state. One of these chemicals is called brain derived neurotrophic factor or BDNF and is indispensable when we talk about growing a bigger, stronger, faster and smarter brain. In fact a book on this subject calls it â€Å"Miracle-Gro for the brain. It fuels almost all the activities that lead to higher thought†. With this piece of information we can conclude in a scientific way that an increase of body exercise results in a higher production of chemicals and molecules in the body, where BDNF is one of them. With an increase of BDNF, blood and also oxygen we can conclude that not only does the process of exercise lead to an increased memory and improved function due to an increase of the size of the brain which occurs of the higher amount of bloodstream, it also leads to creation of new nerve cells and their branching out, connection and communication or what we in normal sayings would call an increased ability to learn. B1. Essay Who should be held responsible is the question. And the answer is pretty simple. The educators. And the reason is simple too. As pupils, high school and college students we spend a total of almost 20 years of studying, some even more. At least a quarter of a day is held in these educational institutions that are meant to transform us from an individual to a working but also thinking part of society. Being smarter is the actual goal you set yourself; it is what the society expects when we go to school. We are taught that by being present and participating in the lessons, we learn. But what we forget or don’t know is that a crucial ingredient of learning is being fit to learn. A statement scientifically proven by numerous professors and biologist. An increase of blood flow to the brain due to exercise increases the flow of oxygen, which creates a more healthier, fresh and clean environment where new brain cells can be formed and interconnect with each other to shape what we call learning. Some people will maybe say that keeping yourself fit is a personal responsibility, but what these people forget is that obese people and people who don’t exercise could actually do more good for the society if they were fit. Everyone nowadays know that people who exercise are less likely to get life-treating diseases and studies in physiology also show that an active life equals a longer life. The society benefits from this in many ways. Not only do we live longer, we use less money on medication and treatment. But there is also a missing benefit that we forget. A fitter and healthier society equals a more intelligent society. When you look at societies with a higher level of education and compare them with societies with the exact opposite you will see a dramatic difference in wealth and happiness. I am not stating that you can’t be happy if you are poor or uneducated, but my point is that a clever and educated population tend to form societies where the foundations are based on higher level of theory and education. When taking little Denmark in perspective to the most of the world you will see that we differ by giving every citizen a chance to become an educated individual. Just by having this opportunity you can live a life in wealth and happiness, which you wouldn’t be able to in many other countries. This is also called the â€Å"Jantelov†, which says that you are no better than anybody else. A garbage man has the opportunity to become a lawyer or a doctor but as a garbage man he can live in a middle-class neighborhood and hold is head high without feeling anyone judging his choice of career. He may not have a high level of education, and his work hours may be awkward but he can enjoy the rest of the day with his family and recharge to next day of work. All of this is possible because the country is built by intellectual and educated people who have learned how to build a well working society where everyone have equal rights and have a place in society. To bare out my statement of a more intelligent society equals a happier society, independent studies and surveys in the field of social science all show that Denmark is the happiest place on earth. Little Denmark is ranked above USA, the richest and most powerful country in human history and even way above those paradise-like places like Hawaii. Based on the values of â€Å"Jantelov†, and the way the Danish society system is built by well-educated statesmen you actually have evidence of not only a wealthy, but also the happiest country in the world. It is therefore a united responsibility that should be held out by educators because their role and job is to educate and teach us how to learn. An increased effort done by educators in the field of exercise will contribute as a social benefit because a more fit and healthy society benefits in not only a wealthier and happier but also a more intelligent society. Another good reason why educational institutes should be held responsible of exercise is that they are the places that young people spend most of their time. They are the places we meet with our classmates and going to school or university is a daily routine. When we wake up we know that within few hours we have to head to one of these educational institutes where the educators have the responsibility to teach us. The main purpose is to learn what the educators teach us. Day after day we go to school to learn, but why don’t we exercise every day? This could become a reality if the educators also were coaches or brain trainers, so they didn’t only have the responsibility to teach but also to train our brains to learn with the help of fun games that motivate us to move our bodies. And motivation is the key element to exercise. If we make these games as important as the lessons we would create a social security net which doesn’t let people complete the educational without completing the â€Å"obligatory games†. The ancient Greeks did this as well, and said â€Å"fitness was almost as important as learning itself†. And an old Turkish saying my mom once told me says, â€Å"a healthy mind rests in a healthy body†. But you don’t have to be a scientist, biologist or even a Greek philosopher to see and feel the change in your body and brain when you exercise. Anyone can feel that they have a lot more energy and think clearer when they have exercise on a daily basis. But in our modern culture things such as game consoles and computers have taken over exercise and increased the proportion of overweight people. And after days and months or maybe years with no exercise we lose the motivational compositor that keeps reminding our brain that exercise is a good and satisfying for not only our body but also the brain that rests in it. And this motivation is then replaced by the fun of video games and socializing on the Internet. But a way we can re-experience the lost motivation is by doing something social and fun such as playing a game of soccer, which replaces the fun in video games and living a social life in cyberspace. By doing so, as an everyday routine in the educational institutes it will become as normal as getting up from bed, eating, brushing your teeth and going to school. It will be a regular everyday task almost an instinctual habit. And this is how and why the educators should be held responsible of training us to become better learners so we can develop stronger, faster and smarter brains. How to cite Stronger Faster Smarter, Papers

Stronger Faster Smarter Free Essays

Stronger, Faster, Smarter By Mary Carmichael A. Account The text â€Å"Stronger, Faster, Smarter† written by Mary Carmichael states that exercise is the key to develop a healthier and smarter brain. According to the text, studies show that exercise such as aerobic doesn’t only increase the size of the muscles via the increased blood flow, the same thing happens to the brain. We will write a custom essay sample on Stronger Faster Smarter or any similar topic only for you Order Now More blood equals more oxygen, which helps maintain the brain cells nourished better. The same kind of exercise has also coaxed the human brain to produce new nerve cells and caused older nerve cells to form interconnected webs that make the brain run faster and more efficiently. All which results in a stronger, faster and smarter brain. These statements are fully held out by research in the field of neuroscience and kinesiology described in the text and also confirmed in the field of biochemistry. With the view of a biochemist the evidence lies on the molecular level. When exercising, our muscles contract and release and within this particular motion a protein called IGF-1 finds it way to the brain through the bloodstream. This protein informs the brain of the increased activity due to the exercise, which makes the brain crank up its production of different chemicals needed to keep the body working in a new and more stressed state. One of these chemicals is called brain derived neurotrophic factor or BDNF and is indispensable when we talk about growing a bigger, stronger, faster and smarter brain. In fact a book on this subject calls it â€Å"Miracle-Gro for the brain. It fuels almost all the activities that lead to higher thought†. With this piece of information we can conclude in a scientific way that an increase of body exercise results in a higher production of chemicals and molecules in the body, where BDNF is one of them. With an increase of BDNF, blood and also oxygen we can conclude that not only does the process of exercise lead to an increased memory and improved function due to an increase of the size of the brain which occurs of the higher amount of bloodstream, it also leads to creation of new nerve cells and their branching out, connection and communication or what we in normal sayings would call an increased ability to learn. B1. Essay Who should be held responsible is the question. And the answer is pretty simple. The educators. And the reason is simple too. As pupils, high school and college students we spend a total of almost 20 years of studying, some even more. At least a quarter of a day is held in these educational institutions that are meant to transform us from an individual to a working but also thinking part of society. Being smarter is the actual goal you set yourself; it is what the society expects when we go to school. We are taught that by being present and participating in the lessons, we learn. But what we forget or don’t know is that a crucial ingredient of learning is being fit to learn. A statement scientifically proven by numerous professors and biologist. An increase of blood flow to the brain due to exercise increases the flow of oxygen, which creates a more healthier, fresh and clean environment where new brain cells can be formed and interconnect with each other to shape what we call learning. Some people will maybe say that keeping yourself fit is a personal responsibility, but what these people forget is that obese people and people who don’t exercise could actually do more good for the society if they were fit. Everyone nowadays know that people who exercise are less likely to get life-treating diseases and studies in physiology also show that an active life equals a longer life. The society benefits from this in many ways. Not only do we live longer, we use less money on medication and treatment. But there is also a missing benefit that we forget. A fitter and healthier society equals a more intelligent society. When you look at societies with a higher level of education and compare them with societies with the exact opposite you will see a dramatic difference in wealth and happiness. I am not stating that you can’t be happy if you are poor or uneducated, but my point is that a clever and educated population tend to form societies where the foundations are based on higher level of theory and education. When taking little Denmark in perspective to the most of the world you will see that we differ by giving every citizen a chance to become an educated individual. Just by having this opportunity you can live a life in wealth and happiness, which you wouldn’t be able to in many other countries. This is also called the â€Å"Jantelov†, which says that you are no better than anybody else. A garbage man has the opportunity to become a lawyer or a doctor but as a garbage man he can live in a middle-class neighborhood and hold is head high without feeling anyone judging his choice of career. He may not have a high level of education, and his work hours may be awkward but he can enjoy the rest of the day with his family and recharge to next day of work. All of this is possible because the country is built by intellectual and educated people who have learned how to build a well working society where everyone have equal rights and have a place in society. To bare out my statement of a more intelligent society equals a happier society, independent studies and surveys in the field of social science all show that Denmark is the happiest place on earth. Little Denmark is ranked above USA, the richest and most powerful country in human history and even way above those paradise-like places like Hawaii. Based on the values of â€Å"Jantelov†, and the way the Danish society system is built by well-educated statesmen you actually have evidence of not only a wealthy, but also the happiest country in the world. It is therefore a united responsibility that should be held out by educators because their role and job is to educate and teach us how to learn. An increased effort done by educators in the field of exercise will contribute as a social benefit because a more fit and healthy society benefits in not only a wealthier and happier but also a more intelligent society. Another good reason why educational institutes should be held responsible of exercise is that they are the places that young people spend most of their time. They are the places we meet with our classmates and going to school or university is a daily routine. When we wake up we know that within few hours we have to head to one of these educational institutes where the educators have the responsibility to teach us. The main purpose is to learn what the educators teach us. Day after day we go to school to learn, but why don’t we exercise every day? This could become a reality if the educators also were coaches or brain trainers, so they didn’t only have the responsibility to teach but also to train our brains to learn with the help of fun games that motivate us to move our bodies. And motivation is the key element to exercise. If we make these games as important as the lessons we would create a social security net which doesn’t let people complete the educational without completing the â€Å"obligatory games†. The ancient Greeks did this as well, and said â€Å"fitness was almost as important as learning itself†. And an old Turkish saying my mom once told me says, â€Å"a healthy mind rests in a healthy body†. But you don’t have to be a scientist, biologist or even a Greek philosopher to see and feel the change in your body and brain when you exercise. Anyone can feel that they have a lot more energy and think clearer when they have exercise on a daily basis. But in our modern culture things such as game consoles and computers have taken over exercise and increased the proportion of overweight people. And after days and months or maybe years with no exercise we lose the motivational compositor that keeps reminding our brain that exercise is a good and satisfying for not only our body but also the brain that rests in it. And this motivation is then replaced by the fun of video games and socializing on the Internet. But a way we can re-experience the lost motivation is by doing something social and fun such as playing a game of soccer, which replaces the fun in video games and living a social life in cyberspace. By doing so, as an everyday routine in the educational institutes it will become as normal as getting up from bed, eating, brushing your teeth and going to school. It will be a regular everyday task almost an instinctual habit. And this is how and why the educators should be held responsible of training us to become better learners so we can develop stronger, faster and smarter brains. How to cite Stronger Faster Smarter, Papers

Key Concepts of Cloud Computing Service †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Key Concepts of Cloud Computing Service. Answer: Introduction This report is about Webbs Stores which is a successful regional retailer in Australia and New Zealand. This company is renowned among people for its food stuffs as well as for some other items. According to given case study, company has data centers at different locations in Australia and New Zealand. Webbs Stores have large staff members to perform different activities in company and the management of those staff members and their jobs is required. To achieve this goal, Webbs Stores has decided to move towards usage of cloud technology and now management of company has asked me to advise them on the use of Cloud Computing for implementing their daily operations in effective ways. Now the purpose of making this report is to discuss key concepts of cloud computing, its benefits, services and usage of AWS in Webbs Stores for collaborating its new regional group of stores into previously established operations. This report will be helpful for Webbs Stores to make decision regarding imp lementation of cloud framework. About Implementation of Cloud Computing in Webbs Stores Key Concepts of Cloud Computing and how it will be beneficial for Webbs Store Following are essential concepts of cloud computing that must be taken into consideration by Webbs Stores (Marcela Cueli, 2017). The sharing of infrastructure can be done easily with the help cloud computing. It means at one time, a common technology can be shared by several clients. On demand access of services can get in units and these units can be user, transaction and can be any other combination. According to users perceptions of cloud computing, it is flexible, reliable and there is no limitation for growth. Moreover, in case of consumption, variable cost is charged to customers on the behalf of their consumption of service rather than imposing fixed cost. Unlimited access of cloud services is available for its all users anywhere in this world and at any time and on time access is the highest priority of every business enterprise. Therefore, above discussed key concepts of cloud computing depicts that as per the requirement of Webbs Stores to integrate all its local retailers for better management of business, cloud platform will be beneficial. AWS stands for Amazon Web Services and it is a significant platform of cloud computing that has provided by Amazon.com. The main purpose of this is to provide online services for websites and as well as for client-side applications. AWS platform offers networking and databases, computing power and storage options to all its users those are connected with it by different web devices. In Webbs stores, Hybrid Cloud on AWS will be helpful to combine its new stores with old stores. Most the business organizations are using this framework to get reliable integration among its existing and new workplaces and their operations. While adoption of cloud platform, usage of hybrid cloud is necessary. It will help you to integrate data that will be available into cloud databases of both premises. Moreover, storage of large data sets, utilization of new cloud-native databases and creation of backup and get solution at reasonable costs can be obtained through AWS by Webbs Stores. This amazing servic e of AWS will allow Webb to enjoy reliable, secure and flexible data centers among all its stores to operate different operations and access, storage and modification of data and other operations will be centralized with the help of AWS (SearchCloudComputing, 2017). As I have already discussed above that Hybrid Cloud Architecture will be suitable for Webbs Stores according to its requirements. This architecture is considered suitable because it uses a mix of on-premises, public and private cloud services with composition between two platforms. Moreover, it provides high level of flexibility and more options for deployment to businesses. Due to this reason, I would suggest to this architecture to collaborate old and new Webbs Stores. About Usage of SaaS Model in Webbs Stores After selecting best cloud architecture for Webbs Stores according to its requirements, now further Webb wants to use SaaS service model for providing office automation and email services. I opine that it will be a good idea to use this cloud model in Webbs stores. Therefore, through this report, I would recommend directors Webbs Stores about prominence of SaaS model. SaaS stands for Software-as-a-Service which is most commonly used cloud model. This service is subscription based. To use it in appropriate way, Webbs Stores has to build the server and install it properly. Furthermore, configuration of SaaS model should be appropriate, otherwise it will become difficult to get required outcomes. Following are some essential benefits of using SaaS model for Webbs Stores: Unlike conventional model, this model reduces the time that is spent in installation and configuration. Besides this, deployment of SaaS can be done easily without any hardware or software related issues (Sylos Sylos, 2017). As compare to traditional models, SaaS license is inexpensive and can be easily bought by business organizations. The maintenance cost is also less of SaaS model. Usability and integration are also the main advantages of SaaS model. The main requirement of Webbs Stores is integration of its new and old retail stores, so SaaS will be helpful for this enterprise. The upgrades are necessary for every software solution. In case of SaaS model, new releases are easily available for its users. The upgrades can enhance performance of software solution. SaaS upgrades are easily available and less cost and efforts are required to get these new releases as compare to conventional solutions. SaaS model is easier to use as compare to other models of Cloud Computing. Disadvantages of using SaaS Mode As I have discussed above advantages of SaaS model in Webbs Stores, now it is also necessary to tell about disadvantages of SaaS model to directors of Webbs stores, so they can get prevention from some critical issues (nibusinessinfo.co.uk, 2017). The first disadvantage of SaaS service is related to its security and data concerns. The access management of information and privacy of confidential data are not so much secured in SaaS model. SaaS model has limited range of applications. Whether it is popular model among people but still there are some applications that do not provide host platform. The requirement of internet connectivity is must. Without this connectivity, no user can access software or data. Services provided by SaaS Model There are various services that are provided by SaaS model such as for handling accounting and invoicing, planning, monitoring of performance and communications. Among all these services, the service of monitoring of performance and communications will be useful for Webbs Stores. As we know that Webbs Stores want to integrate its old and new stores, so monitoring of these stores is required to know about their performances. In this case, service of SaaS model will be helpful for Webbs employees and management. Office software is the best example of SaaS service and this software solution can handle different business related tasks easily and quickly. Moreover, most of the business activities can be performed easily with the help of SaaS model. If I talk about disadvantage of this service then I can say that some problem is found in communication due to lack of usage of advanced technologies in this model unlike other cloud models. Now next important aspect that I will discuss is about issues of copying data from one data center to other in Webbs Stores. This is also a reason that Webb wants to move towards cloud platform. But directors of Webbs Stores are unaware about migration of data on cloud. Therefore, here I would suggest them how migration process can be implemented properly by using cloud models. Besides SaaS, other cloud computing services are also available such as IaaS and PaaS. These both models are appropriate to manage Webbs data centers on the cloud. Here is the comparison of IaaS and PaaS approaches of cloud for migration (Aiasecurity.com, 2017). IaaS Approach for Migrating Database to the Cloud IaaS stands for Infrastructure-as-a-Service and it is considered a prominent model of cloud. It is highly demanding for migrating databases from source to destination. It is highly beneficial for cloud-enabled organizations. So, if Webbs Stores wants to use this cloud model for migration purpose then it must be based on cloud framework. In this transferring process, data centers firstly migrated on IaaS platform by using anyone option among lift and shift, cloud enabled virtual automation and DevOps. The choice of an option can depend upon requirements or goals of a particular company that wants to use it. All these three options are beneficial and anyone can be chosen. Migration is one of the main feature of IaaS (Panetta, 2017). Besides IaaS approach of cloud, PaaS approach can also be used by Webbs Stores for migrating purpose. PaaS stands for Platform-as-a-Service. PaaS is preferred to use by most of cloud users. The reason of this is PaaS have potential to provide great help by facilitating a microservices-based approach and testing and placement of a data service that is centralized. Moreover, the problem of data abstraction can also be resolved with the help of Paas Infrastructure which was not resolved by other cloud models like SaaS. By using PaaS, it will be easier for Webbs stores to build efficient data service that can be helpful for separating variety of data into data stores. Furthermore, PaaS has on-demand deployment capability. All these features of PaaS will be helpful for Webbs Stores to migrate its databases with reliability and security (Bilbija, 2017). Advantages and Disadvantages of IaaS and PaaS approaches of Cloud Computing Advantages of IaaS Disadvantages of IaaS While using IaaS, customers will have full control over VM. It is most expensive. Anything which is required by customer can be run under VM environment. Backups are required to take by customers. The integration process of IaaS is simple. Unlike other models, in IaaS all factors of VM is managed by customers. It is considered as most secure and reliable cloud model as compare to other models. Advantages of PaaS Disadvantages of PaaS It is very cost-effective cloud model as compare to IaaS. The main disadvantage of PaaS is that there is no control over processing of data. Here customers can use their on software to run on the platform. The management tasks that are performed by PaaS become more tedious and cumbersome. Better support for integration process is provided by PaaS. It is not as much as cost effective like SaaS. Minimum requirement for managing VM. On the behalf of above discussion I can would recommend to use IaaS cloud model to Webbs Stores for handling its business operations. The main reason is its suitable management, security and reliability that is not easily available in other cloud platforms like SaaS and PaaS. Conclusion In conclusion, in this report I have discussed each and every important point regarding cloud computing, its platforms, benefits and services. Moreover, I have also discussed that which platform will be better for Webbs Stores with appropriate reason. However, there are some disadvantages of cloud platforms but with proper prevention and with the help of security expert these issues can be resolved. Therefore, on the basis of this report, directors of Webbs Stores can make decision regarding implementation of cloud computing for their business. References Marcela Cueli, s. (2017). The key concepts of cloud computing. Network World. Retrieved 26 August 2017, from https://www.networkworld.com/article/2212919/tech-primers/the-key-concepts-of-cloud-computing.html nibusinessinfo.co.uk. (2017). Advantages and disadvantages of Software as a Service (SaaS). Retrieved 26 August 2017, from https://www.nibusinessinfo.co.uk/content/advantages-and-disadvantages-software-service-saas Sylos, M., Sylos, M. (2017). Top five advantages of software as a service (SaaS) - Cloud computing news. Cloud computing news. Retrieved 26 August 2017, from https://www.ibm.com/blogs/cloud-computing/2013/09/top-five-advantages-of-software-as-a-service-saas/ SearchCloudComputing. (2017). What is hybrid cloud? - Definition from WhatIs.com. Retrieved 26 August 2017, from https://searchcloudcomputing.techtarget.com/definition/hybrid-cloud Aiasecurity.com. (2017). Advantages and Disadvantages of SaaS,PaaS and IaaS | AIA Security. Retrieved 26 August 2017, from https://aiasecurity.com/2015/09/10/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-saaspaas-and-iaas/ Bilbija, D. (2017). How PaaS Facilitates Data Migration: The Path to Implementation Success. Crosslake Technologies. Retrieved 26 August 2017, from https://www.crosslaketech.com/paas-facilitates-data-migration/ Panetta, K. (2017). 3 Journeys for Migrating a Data Center to Cloud IaaS - Smarter With Gartner. Smarter With Gartner. Retrieved 26 August 2017, from https://www.gartner.com/smarterwithgartner/3-journeys-for-migrating-a-data-center-to-cloud-iaas/

Zoonotic Diseases Essay Example

Zoonotic Diseases Essay Abstract This report presents a combined epidemiological and economic framework for assessing zoonoses using a ‘‘one health’’ concept. The framework allows for an understanding of the cross-sector economic influence of zoonoses using improved risk analysis and listing a range of analytical tools. The goal of  the framework is to link the check outputs of animal and human disease transmission models, economic influence models and assessment of risk management options to gain improved understanding of factors affecting the acceptance of risk management plans so that investment planning includes the most promising interventions (or sets of interventions in an integrated fashion). A more complete understanding of the costs of the disease and the costs and benefits of control measures would promote broader application of the most efficient and effective control measures, contributing to improved animal and human health, better livelihood outcomes for the poor and macroeconomic growth. Keywords: Zoonoses, Tuberculosis, Brucellosis Acknowledgements / Foreword IN THE NAME OF ALLAH, THE BENEFICENT, THE MERCIFUL I would like to express my sincere gratefulness to Relief International for financial support and giving us the chance of working on this project and contribution towards betterment of humans and livestock. We will write a custom essay sample on Zoonotic Diseases specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Zoonotic Diseases specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Zoonotic Diseases specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer I am very grateful to my project supervisor Dr. Dost Muhammad Baloch, co-supervisor Dr. Muhammad Azam Khan Kakar, Dr. Ejaz of RI, Dr Abdul. Rehman, the lab in charge of DI lab Quetta and all my fellows friends for their kind co-operation and encouragement for completing this Project Successfully. I also express my gratitude to Department of Biotechnology and Informatics for providing the necessary requirement for Completion of Work. Table of Contents Abstractii Acknowledgements / Forewordiii Table of Contentsiv List of Figuresv List of Tablesvi  Terminology / Notationvii Acronyms / Abbreviationsvii. 1Introduction1 1. 1Statement of the Problem:2 1. 2Research Hypotheses:4 1. 3Significance of the Study:4 1. 4Purpose of the Research:4 2Literature Review5 3Materials Methods10 4Results / Discussion12 5Conclusions15 References16 List of Figures Figure 1: Cycle of M. Bovis Transmission between cattle and humans. The thickness of the arrows Suggests level of probability1 Figure 2: Spread of Brucellosis between cattle Humans2 List of Tables Table 1: Animal Count Pishin Dist. (2005)10 Terminology / Notation Acronyms / Abbreviations SppSpecies DLSDepartment of Livestock services T. B Tuberculosis L. ULivestock Unit Introduction The usage Zoonoses, or Zoonotic diseases, are caused by infectious agents that are transmissible under natural conditions from animals to humans. Zoonoses may rise from wild or domestic animals or from products of animal source. A number of infectious diseases, including viruses, bacteria, and parasites, can be transmitted from animals to people through a variety of infection routes, including animal bites, vectors (i.e. , insects), and animal-to-human contact (i. e. , inhalation of respiratory droplets or skin-to-skin contact). Some examples of common Zoonotic diseases include lyme disease, rabies, ringworm, and plague. Zoonoses have been known since early historical spells. There are holy references to infection, a bacterial zoonoses mainly transmitted to humans by fleas; and some historians contend that a disease first described by Thucydides during the Plague of Athens (430–425 B. C. E. ) was typhus, a louse-borne zoonoses. ). Certain zoonoses, such as yellow fever, malaria, and rabies, are well known to the general public, but a vast number of lesser-known zoonoses exist in limited cycles in different parts of the world. There are undoubtedly many zoonoses waiting in nature that have the potential to cause serious public health consequences if introduced into humans. Figure 1: Cycle of M. Bovis Transmission between cattle and humans. The thickness of the arrows Suggests level of probability * Figure 2: Spread of Brucellosis between cattle Humans *Statement of the Problem: The Department of Livestock services (DLS) has made several efforts to implement the regulation in Pishin district of Baluchistan. In spite of such efforts are in place, consumers are forced to use unhygienic and inadequate meat and milk; they are bound to live with the risk of meat borne diseases; and various cases of frauds precipitate from time to time The demand of meat and meat products are higher than the existing supply for which meat industry depends on import of live animals from different areas. The demand for meat is greater than the supply from domestic sources. In this vein, fewer literatures maintain that the prevailing supply deficit is not only due to deficit number of food animals in Pishin but also due to non-acceptance of locally produced meat by the residents. There is lack of research activities on meat borne diseases; it is occasional and isolated in nature, and the results of most of them remain as undocumented findings. Some of the Literatures report the prevalence of bacterial, viral and parasitic diseases as meat borne zoonoses in district Pishin. Some of them are brucellosis, tuberculosis many other Zoonotic diseases. Few literatures argue that the effect of zoonoses might be little through meat consumption in Pishin due to superior cooking style – frying the meat and then cooking in the pressure cooker – nevertheless, it does not rule out the absence of the spore forming pathogens and possibly their in-built toxins in the cooked meat. Regarding the presence of pathogenic microorganisms, Gautam 2005 cited in Sankhi (2006:110) has detected Salmonella Spp in buffalo meat, mutton and chicken; and Escherichia coli has been reported as the predominant bacteria followed by Staphylococcus and Salmonella Spp, and other bacteria of Entero-bacteriaceae family in raw meat obtained from buffalo, goat, cow, sheep and poultry in Pishin. Some of these reported bacteria are potent producers of toxins which causes death of humans. Given these situations, it is apparent that the meat and milk products procured, processed and marketed in the area is unsafe for human consumption posing potential public health hazards. A similar major concern of meat sector in Pishin is pollution of environment due to the waste products of meat emitted from slaughtering and dressing operation. The slaughter sites are lacking proper drainage channels as well as waste disposal system; waste materials are disposed into municipality waste tank, streets and open areas. Infectious diseases  * Major cause of deaths in humans * Major economic losses in domestic animals * Major cause of wildlife destruction * Major impact on developing countries and poverty Issues includes * What is the current status of these infectious diseases? (T. B Brucellosis) * Do we know what really cause these diseases? * What would we need to know to predict the emergence and re-emergence of a disease? Research Hypotheses: This Awareness among meat occupational and consumers helps implementation of the Slaughterhouse and Meat Inspection Act in Pishin district. Provision of sufficient regulatory infrastructures supports the implementation of Slaughterhouse and Meat Inspection Act in. Significance of the Study: The present study finds a great opportunity to carry out research in the area of meat and milk business in Pishin with particular emphasis to ascertain the implementation status of Slaughterhouse and Meat Inspection Act in. Various findings of this study are helpful in bridging the knowledge gap existing in the available literatures related to execution of meat legislation in the area. Besides, the study opens up various dimensions for the research activities regarding policy implementation process in meat sector in the country. The government authority can have the opportunity to bring necessary adjustments in its existing policies, strategies, and programmes and activities based on the various findings of the present research study. Purpose of the Research: * To see the animals infected with Zoonotic diseases (Tuberculosis Brucellosis) in Pishin district. * To screen out carrier animals in the area thus to develop strategies to prevent Brucellosis and tuberculosis in the area. Literature Review Zoonotic diseases are caused by many different pathogenic agents. In most cases, humans are accidental or ‘‘spill-over’’ hosts of a disease-ecological cycle maintained by animal hosts, including insects (Kayali et al. 2003; Schelling et al. 2003). Because of the circulation of Zoonotic agents between animals, humans, and the environment, the cost of a disease affects human activity and health in addition to other economic sectors. According to the Institute of Medicine (2009), Zoonotic pathogens caused more than 65% of emerging infectious disease events in the past six decades. The direct cost of Zoonotic diseases over the last decade has been estimated to be more than $20 billion with over $200 billion indirect losses to affected economies as a whole (World Bank 2010). In the last 60 years, many industrialized countries have successfully controlled or eliminated Zoonotic diseases through costly public investment facilitating coordinated  interventions, including ‘‘test and slaughter,’’ feed bans, mass vaccination of domestic animals and wildlife, health education and milk pasteurization. These are highly effective methods of eliminating Zoonotic diseases which require important operational, legal, and financial collaterals (Keusch et al. 2009). In most developing countries, surveillance of Zoonotic diseases is not recognized as ‘‘one-health’’ collaboration between veterinary medicine and human medicine. In addition, many countries lack diagnostic capacity and health infrastructure. In livestock populations efforts have primarily focused on implementing prevention and eradication measures with much less emphasis on the effect of mitigation (transmission control) strategies, taking into consideration economic and development impacts at the macro (national economy, environment) or micro (health, livelihoods, food security of smallholder farmers) levels. Many industrialized countries are able to control or reduce the risk of Zoonotic diseases through public investment in preventative measures such as surveillance and compensation of farmers for culled stock in the event of an outbreak. In April 2001, the British government slaughtered and destroyed more than 2 million animals in England to stop the spread of foot-and-mouth disease (Sobrino and Domingo 2001). Such interventions are not feasible in many developing countries because of poor surveillance programs, limited institutional capacity, and, without donor assistance, lack of funds for livestock holder and compensation (Zinsstag et al. 2007). This issue is illustrated by the limited effectiveness of the response following the HPAI outbreak in 2006–2008. Education programs to increase producer level bio-security measures were implemented in developing countries without careful consideration of how to alter behaviour of small scale producers sustainably, despite high level ministerial support (Narrod et al. 2011). Successful investment in zoonoses control requires assessment of the cost of disease and the cost-effectiveness of proposed interventions, in addition to adaptation of the interventions to the local context. Given that 70% of the world’s rural poor depend on livestock and working animals for their livelihoods, animals cannot be left out of the solutions (LID1999; FAO 2002). Economic impacts exist beyond the cost of control, including direct decreases in household income due to reduction in livestock/product sales, consumption impacts due to reduced food security, increased household vulnerability where livestock is used as a risk-coping mechanism and effects on household wealth which influence savings and gender equality (Birol et al. 2010). In addition there are impacts at the sector level, such as the feed and input sector or the broader economy which includes other analyzable input and output sectors (see You and Diao 2007; Diao et al. 2009). These associated costs may influence behavioural change at different levels (household, practitioners, policy) which is important to the decision-making process. A ‘‘one health’’ approach demonstrates closer cooperation between human and animal health resulting in benefits that are not achieved through the two medicines working independently. ‘‘One health’’ evolved from ‘‘one medicine,’’ a term coined by veterinary epidemiologist Calvin Schwabe in the 1960s to demonstrate that there is no paradigm difference between human and veterinary medicine thus allowing for integrated work (Schwabe 1984). To date, there have been limited efforts to conduct integrated analyses considering both the social and ecological systems, although this approach is not conceptually new having been successfully applied in an ‘‘ecosystem approach to health’’ or ‘‘Eco health’’ (Forget and Label 2001). We suggest that such an approach has enormous potential to improve public and animal health and provide cost savings in the public and private sectors. Sampling humans and animals simultaneously in an integrated study design decreases detection time for zoonotic disease (Schelling et al. 2003; Zinsstag et al. 2009a). Through integrated analysis, the full societal cost of disease can be estimated linking an animal– human transmission model to cross-sector economic analysis to show the full societal cost (Roth et al. 2003, Zinsstag et al. 2005a). The cost of livestock mass vaccination is often much higher than the public health benefit savings. Singularly from a public health perspective, such interventions are not cost-effective. An example is brucellosis control in Mongolia, where the intervention costs are less than a third of the overall cost of disease, when the private and agricultural sectors are included, with a societal benefit-cost ratio of 3.  2 (Roth et al. 2003). Assessing the cost of zoonoses in multiple sectors facilitates identification of cost-sharing options such as a separable cost method. Although brucellosis control by livestock mass vaccination is not cost-effective from a public health sector perspective, it becomes highly cost-effective when costs are shared between the public health and agricultural sectors in proportion to their benefits (Roth et al. 2003). Integrated assessments are hence crucial for Zoonotic disease control in resource poor countries (Zinsstag et al. 2007). The goal of the framework is to link the analysis outputs of animal safety at a given cost. At best, mitigation is negotiated with all stakeholders, communities, authorities, and scientists in participatory trans disciplinary processes (Schelling 2008; Zinsstag 2007). Risk managers can choose strategies depending on the risk preferences for affected stakeholders and comparative advantages in implementing risk-reduction options. It is difficult to compare strategies which consider risk reductions and others evaluating costs and benefits. Despite good intentions, decisions can lead to losses in social welfare through unexpected outcomes and consequences. Decision makers would be aided by a framework which structures complex information and accounts for implications of the intricacy. Materials Methods | Number| Cattle| 202611| Sheep/Goats| 4,40,637| Draught Animals| 5232| Camels| 305| Livestock Unit (LU)| 2,45,016| Table 1: Animal Count Pishin Dist. (2005) Draught animals are horses, mules, donkeys A livestock unit (LU) is a comparative unit, based on its fodder requirements, through which all livestock can be summarised; e. g. a cow, bull, camel and horse are defined as 1 LU, while a sheep; goat and donkey are defined as 0. 5 LU. The grazing capacity of an area is defined in the same way as the carrying capacity: For our purpose it is defined that one livestock unit can optimally survive on one hectare of are under fodder and range land (range land being forest area and area under pastures). The grazing capacity = Rangeland + area under fodder / livestock units Pishin district lies between 30 ° 04’ to 31 ° 17’ north latitudes and 66 ° 13’ to 67 ° 50’ east longitudes.. The district Pishin was a part of Quetta. In 1975 it was separated from Quetta for administrative reasons. It derives its name from the locality Pishin. Pishin is a modernised form of ‘Pushang’, which is Old Persian for the Arabic Fushang. The population of Pishin District was estimated to be over 500,000 in (2005), with 99. 9% of the population being Pashtun. We use the following methods for the sample collection of Tuberculosis and Brucellosis in district Pishin. The methods are 1. Tuberculosis * Tuberculin Test * Nasal secretion samples were taken 2. Brucellosis * For brucellosis blood samples and aborted foetus were taken Results / Discussion A randomized research was conducted of five hundred (n=500) samples of domesticated animals in Pishin district for Tuberculosis   Brucellosis. Animals include a random ratio of sheep, goat, cow and buffaloes. I had found 3 positive samples out of 500. The name of the villages where I found positive samples is 1. Ajram 2. Daman During survey of the meat and milk occupational, observations of their meat and milk establishments were also carried out. The unmanaged disposal of wastes has several implications i. e. the environment of the city contains high level of microbes in the form of dusts and droplets leading to aerosol mode of transmission of meat and milk borne Zoonotic diseases. The overall effect of the study can reduce the control of disease outbreak very difficult. In Pishin district, the proportion of people relying on live- stock for some or all of their livelihoods is high, ranging from 20% to over 60%, depending on the livestock production system and region. In both pastoral and mixed agricultural/rural systems, people live closely with livestock populations that have a high prevalence of brucellosis, Tuberculosis making these individuals at higher risk of infection. Brucellosis is known to have a great impact on economic development, both in terms of direct losses (morbidity, mortality) and indirect losses, including costs associated with ineffective control measures. However, this is the first study to evaluate quality of life of patients with brucellosis compared to a control population. In the current study, the General Health domain had the lowest mean value in the group of patients with brucellosis and Tuberculosis. The General Health domain reflects an individual’s perceptions of his or her general health status. Disease, such as brucellosis, can result in poor physical activity, an increasingly sedentary lifestyle, depression, and dependency on others. When these factors are combined with poor socioeconomic status and lack of insurance, this can result in an even more negative perception of current and future health. In Pishin, brucellosis continues to be a problem due to certain traditions and customs associated with food preparation and a lack of health programs designed to teach people about the safety concerns associated with living and working closely with livestock. Much of the rural population of Pishin has a low economic status, with many families now relying on funds sent from family members who have immigrated to other areas, Differences in quality of life between rural and urban area patients are most likely due to the additional socio-economic hardships that the rural population must endure. The results of this study indicate that brucellosis does appear to negatively impact the welfare and quality of life of patients and that this disease has the largest impact on those least equipped to handle additional stress and poor health. The data presented here reinforce the hypothesis that socioeconomics can impact quality of life associated with a certain disease or condition and that those most affected are often times individuals living in territories that are behind in their development of health and disease prevention strategies. This necessitates the need for better education and public health programs aimed at these high risk populations. Conclusions Animal and human health is inseparably linked and food animals, especially cattle serve as a reservoir of diseases of public health importance. The safety of food of animal origin with regard to infection by M. Bovis Brucella spp is worth giving consideration, taking into knowledge the current tuberculosis Brucellosis wrecking the world. Though animals with these diseases pose risk to humans, this risk is extremely remote in developed countries due to introduction of milk pasteurisation and effective bovine tuberculosis control programmes (Shitaye et al. , 2006). In contrast, spread from animals to humans in developing countries remains a very real danger, mostly from infected milk. This seems to be a danger, which is being entirely ignored (Davies, 2006). The animal and public health consequences of M. Bovis Brucella are grave. Disease surveillance programmes in animals and humans should be considered a priority, especially in areas where risk factors are present. Other recommendations made by the WHO (1994) in its message on Zoonotic diseases include: Training of personnel at all levels of control programmes and the urgent need for further research on the diagnosis and control, immunological, epidemiological and socioeconomic aspects of these diseases. * References * Godfroid, J. , Scholz, H. C. , Barbier, T. , Nicolas, C. , Wat-tiau, P. , Fretin, D. , Whatmore, A. M. , Cloeckaert, A. , Blasco, J. M. , Moriyon, I. , Saegerman, C. , Muma, J. B. , Dahouk, S. , Neubauer, H. and Letesson, J. J. (2011) Brucellosis at the animal/ecosystem/human interface at the beginning of the 21st century. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 102, 118-131. Seleem, M. N. , Boyle, S. M. and Sriranganathan, N. (2010) Brucellosis: A re-emerging zoonosis. Review. Vet-erinary Microbiology, 140, 392-398. Schussler, J. M. , Fenves, A. Z. and Sutker, W. L. (1997) intermittent fever and pancytopenia in young Mexican man. Southern Medical Journal, 90, 1035-1037. Kauffer, M. (2008) Public policies and commitments of the researcher. Public policy, some general notes. Myrdal, G. (1968) Economic theory and underdeveloped regions (In Spanish). Ed. Fondo de CulturaEconomica, Mexico City, 22-32. Ware, J. E. and Gandek, B. (1998) Overview of the SF-36 health survey and the international quality of life assess-ment (IQOLA) project. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 51, 903-912. CONAPO and National Population Council (2005) Human development indices in Tlaxcala.. * *

What Is Content Marketing

What Is Content Marketing No one cares about advertising anymore. Content marketing is king. We skip ads using our DVR. We buy Netflix on demand. We scroll past the ever-increasing number of ads in our Facebook feed.  We dont like ads, and thats discouraging for those who are trying to market their product. But, there is hope. We share blog posts and recommend them to our friends. We comment and discuss the killer content that we love. Getting the word out about our brand, business, product, or organization isnt impossible, but the methods have surely changed.  Content marketing is taking over the world. What is content marketing? What is Content Marketing? Advertising is built on   interruptions–taking up 30 seconds of your time during the Super Bowl, or sneaking its way into your social media feeds. No matter when it happens, you probably didnt ask for it. This is what makes it annoying. Content marketing is different. Content marketing is permission-based.   Its marketing that we freely invite into our lives, and sometimes even share with our friends. Content marketing is any marketing format that involves the creation and sharing of media and publishing content in order to acquire customers. -Wikipedia Content marketing is built on the idea that the best way to build trust with our potential customers is to give them something they want. Online, this often translates to  helpful content that doesnt interrupt whatever the visitor is doing, but rather invites them to learn, enjoy, and connect. Good content marketing  brings the user to us, rather than forcing ourself in front of the user.  This builds trust and loyalty with potential customers.   The Content Marketing Institute says it more formally: Content marketing is a marketing technique of creating and distributing relevant and valuable content to attract, acquire, and engage a clearly defined and understood target audience–with the objective of driving profitable customer action. While it employs a less in your face approach, content marketing is still about results. In fact, it is often more result-driven than its traditional counterpart. Inbound Marketing More recently, the term inbound marketing (also Seth Godins term, permission marketing) has taken hold as a way to describe the type of marketing that allows customers to come to the brand on their own rather than the brand reaching out to the customer via advertising. This idea is built upon the assumption that if you publish helpful content, the customer will look for the business that is offering the best advice. The best way to understand this is to think about a Google search. If a customer does a search online for advice on how to grow their garden, what will they find? Chances are, they will receive a list of blog posts and articles offering tips and tricks for gardeners. Because Google prioritizes local results, a local nursery that is offering this type of advice on their blog will rank highly in the search results. For the local nursery, this is an inbound marketing technique–getting the customer to reach out to you first. It is pretty easy to see that this entire transaction was only made possible because of helpful content that exists because of content marketing. What Is Content Marketing (Not)? Sometimes it is easier to think in terms of what something is not rather than what is it. Content marketing is many things, but there are definitely a few things that it is not. It Is Not About You  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ This one flies directly in the face of most advertising theories. Ads are always about the company paying for them. With content marketing, we need to take the opposite approach. The content needs to be about our audience. It Is Not About Your Product  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Its not about our company, but surely its about the our product? Nope, its not about that either. Content marketing is 100% about helping your customer succeed (using your content). Again, not your product. It Is Not About Instant Sales – Content marketing is a long-term strategy for building customer trust and loyalty to a brand or an idea. It isnt as concerned with an immediate sale. It knows that sales are earned by building customer trust. After all, you cant trick anyone into buying anything. It Is Not About Creativity – Creativity is king for the advertising world, but not content marketing. Content has a bigger mission.

Windows OS Upgrade Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Windows OS Upgrade - Essay Example In this process they have been continuously creating & releasing new versions of their products and managing obsolescence of their old products via seamless migration procedures. However, every migration comes at a huge cost to an organization and hence an in-depth analysis of business benefits, risks and return on investments should be carried out by the IT managers before a technology migration project should be proposed to the management. This paper presents a detailed comparison of windows XP with Windows Vista & Windows 2000 with Windows 2003 and the corresponding business benefits such that the management of Riordan Manufacturing can take a decision regarding the migration of their existing desktop and server operating systems to the most suitable next versions of Windows Desktop and Server OS. Riordan Manufacturing has windows 2000 workstations and Windows 2000 servers in their network. Because of implied obsolescence of these two operating systems in the industry, the management of Riordan Manufacturing wants to upgrade their existing windows operating systems to the new versions of Windows that are most feasible for the business and can justify tangible return on investments. In this context, this paper presents an objective analysis of the new operating systems that can be the potential choice for deployment at Riordan Manufacturing. Microsoft has been proactively releasing new pr... as been proactively releasing new products with the features that are not yet recognized by the business as potential enablers to enhance employee productivity and customer satisfaction. In this context, upgradation to the latest available version may be an over-kill. Also, upgradation of operating system invites a number of other parallel investments in terms of hardware capacity, application compatibility, user training, administration training, related software upgradation, peripheral upgradation, etc. Hence, the new version of OS should have as much backward compatibility as possible to ensure that the related upgrades are minimized to as minimum as possible. The existing Windows operating systems and the future choices available for Riordan Manufacturing: The existing operating systems in Riordan manufacturing are Windows 2000 workstation and Windows 2000 server that have been very successful in the industry in meeting the business objectives of a variety of business domains. Given that Windows 2000 is an Active Directory Server based system, upgradation to Windows 2003 is seamless and an easy process. Many organizations have been able to carry out such project within a weekend without the users knowing about the migrations. However, upgrading from Windows 2000 to Windows XP or Windows Vista is not that easy because the change will be highly visible to the users and hence risk of reduction of user comfort levels & the corresponding reduction of user productivity is very high. Windows 2003 possesses enhancements of the features that are already built in Windows 2000 along with new technologies and features. Hence, it makes lot of business sense to upgrade from Windows 2000 to Windows 2003. However, transitioning directly to Windows 2008 may be quite a large

Effective Ways to Prevent Animal Abuse Research Paper

Effective Ways to Prevent Animal Abuse - Research Paper Example Hence, it is important to ensure that diverse means of protecting animals from abuse is done so that not only their rights are recognized, but also for ensuring the absolute end of such abuse. Among the most important things that can be done to ensure that animal abuse if prevented is for individuals to know who to contact when instances of such abuse are detected. For instance, in several States in the United States there have developed instances where there are agents whose main duty is to ensure that humane laws are enforced. It is these agents who have to be contacted whenever an individual suspects or witnesses instances of animal cruelty so that these cases can be investigated and the perpetrators brought to justice (Beirne, 2011). In addition, it is imperative that all individuals in the society learn that all animals have rights and if their locality does not have Humane Law enforcement agents, then it is their duty to ensure that they report instances of animal abuse to the police. Once this is done, it would be much easier for there to be the prevention of animal cruelty because the involvement of law enforcement would act as a deterrent against those individuals who would normally abuse their animals. Additionally, for those individuals who live in a neighborhood they should ensure that they look out for the animals that live in the said neighborhood. In the circumstances when individuals are made aware of the animals that their neighbors keep, there will be an assurance that they will appreciate and be responsible for the physical health of these animals. As a result, for example, an individual will be able to notice the way an animal behaves; whether it is healthy of whether it has lost any weight. It has been found that the latter condition is normally a sign that the animal is being abused, and this should be reason enough to ensure that the matter is reported to the relevant authorities so that it is investigated. The result might be the possibl e saving of the animal not only from abuse, but also from possible death at the hands of its owner. It is a fact that without the calls that are made to relevant authorities concerning the abuse of animals, the authorities would not be made aware of the problem, hence nothing would be done (Girardi & Pozzulo, 2012). It is therefore the responsibility of all the individuals in the society to ensure that they take the responsibility of reporting animal abuse because it is the right thing to do, despite the possible consequences, such as the loss of friendships. In order to make accurate reports to the relevant authorities, it is important to ensure that individuals keep their eyes and ears open so that they are aware of any instances of animal abuse that take place in their neighborhoods. Concerning individuals who provide information related to animal abuse they should give as accurate, detailed and reliable information as possible so that a thorough investigation can be carried out by the authorities in order to curb the vice. In addition, it is essential for the individuals who are reporting to have a written description of the abuse that they witness so that there can be more accuracy in the report that may be used against the abuser (Peak & Ascione, 2008). Furthermore, it is essential

Importance of Supportive Communication

Importance of Supportive Communication EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Communication is an everyday activity. There is nothing that can be done without communication. However this essential of life can be very damaging if not use it properly or accurately. It is every body’s wish that all people behave, act, think, response, move, learn and communicate just as he/she was made off. As a result of inequalities and imperfection of human nature, all of us cannot act the same. It is often and always easier to communicate good news and happy moments to our love ones, work mates, school mates, family members etc. however the moment of truth is when to communicates the opposite to those that are close to us, colleagues, family members etc. and when not handled properly can ruin a hard fought relationships cultivated over the year. This is because we are inclined by nature to receive good news than the bad news though it might be the fact. Therefore cultivating the skills of supporting communication an inevitable tool for every person irrespective of the level of responsibility one finds itself. Supportive communication seeks to preserve or enhance a positive relationship between you and another person while still addressing a problem, giving negative feedback, or tackling a difficult issue with such person. There are numerous benefits associated with companies which ideologies the concept of supporting communication that companies who does not as carried by various surveys. In such context one can be an asset to a group, work environment, family when he/she is able to communicate supportively to the up build of the group, work and family and in this direction I chose to work on my supporting communication skills. Before I read and participated in the classroom on this skill, my skill assessment score was below the mean quartile in comparing with 5000 students who undertook the same assessment. My score after reading and class participating almost threepuled above even above the highest quartile. This does not mean that I can skillfully applied supportive communication. Practical steps have been put in place to apply this knowledge into full use. These steps includes; by asking two same case study group to assess my reaction when giving counsel on performance of a group member, a planned friendship with those who their attitudes and behaviors I disguise so much and finally being asking my children to note down whenever I get angry in the process of giving the feedback. INTRODUCTION Communication is an everyday activity. And is the ordinary interaction that occurs between coworkers, friends, acquaintances, or intimates on daily bases. Communication comes in different forms. Verbal communication which includes sounds, words, language and speaking whiles non-verbal communication involves physical ways of communication like, tone of voice, touch, smell and body language. The quality of communication and how communications are evolves and is maintained are the basis of whether a relationship amongst individuals are stable, become more intimate when appropriate and if additional information is shared between individual reflecting trust between the both parties in every facet of human life. Ineffective communication may lead individual to dislike each other, be offended by each other, lose confidence, refuse to listen and disagree to each other as well as causing a host of other interpersonal problem. (Whatten Camaron, 2011) Normally positive interpersonal relationships results when always things are going on well and people do what they are expected and suppose of them. However, when communicating to an individual who has a negative attitude, such as a personality conflict with coworker or hasn’t perform up to expectation, the risk of putting the employee on the defensive is very high. Individual often react defensively if they feel they are being punished or threatened by communicating, and thus they devote attention to identify counter arguments rather than listening. Thus communication is more productive when it is done constructively or done supportively. SUPPORTIVE COMMUNICATION Supportive communication is interpersonal communications that help individuals to communicate accurately, especially in difficult situations and times. Supportive communication seeks to preserve or enhance a positive relationship between you and another person while still addressing a problem, giving negative feedback, or tackling a difficult issue. It allows you to communicate information to others that is not complimentary, or to resolve an uncomfortable issue with another person but, in the process, strengthen your relationship. Supportive communication builds and strengthened relationships when delivering negative feedback or when you have to point out few shortcoming of another person. It thus seek to preserve or enhance a positive relationship between two people whiles still addressing issue. It allows communicating information to others that is not complementary but rather that strengthen the relationship. Companies fostering supportive communication enjoy higher productivity, faster problem solving, higher quality outputs, and fewer conflicts and subversive activities than groups or organizations where relationships are less. (Robbins Coulter, 2007) it goes on to present a survey conducted with conclusion, that companies with presence of good supportive communication between managers and subordinate were three times more powerful in predicting profitability in major cooperation’s over a five year period than the most powerful variables – market size, firm size and saves growth rate-combined. There are arguably eight attributes of supportive communication of which all other research shared the same thought as far the scope of this research is concern. This indicates that to communicate supportively one must adhere to these characteristics when communicating. ATTRIBUTES OF SUPPORTIVE COMMUNICATION Problem oriented, not person oriented. Problem-oriented communication focuses on a problem that can be solved rather than the person who is responsible for the problem. Person-oriented communication puts the listener on the defensive and focuses the attention on blame rather than on avoiding or solving future problems Congruent, not incongruent. Congruent communication conveys what the speaker is thinking and feeling. There are definitely situations where discretion is a more appropriate choice than full disclosure of what we think and feel. However, in most communication situations, we communicate more effectively when were candid. If we arent honest, listeners wont trust what we say. Descriptive, not evaluative. Evaluative communication expresses judgment of the listener, or his or her actions. To be an effective constructive communicator, we should objectively describe problems rather than speak in an evaluative manner. Evaluative communication puts the listener on the defensive. Validating, not invalidating. Validating communication helps people feel understood, valued, and accepted. In contrast, invalidating communication treats people as if they are ignored, worthless, or alienated. Invalidating communication is superiority-oriented, rigid, impervious and/or indifferent and its avoid treating the listener like a lesser person. Specific, not global. There are two key drawbacks to global statements of problems; theyre often too large to be resolved and they tend to oversimplify and misrepresent problems. Conjunctive, not disjunctive. Disjunctive communication takes at least three forms; not letting the other party speak, long pauses, and switching topics. Disjunctive communication can result in the other party thinking that their input is not being considered. Owned, not disowned. When we own our communication, we take responsibility for our statements and acknowledge that we are the source of the ideas conveyed and not someone else. We disown communication when we search for third parties to attribute our comments to. Listening, not one-way message delivery. Explains, effective listening is actively absorbing the information given to you by a speaker, showing that you are listening and interested, and providing feedback to the speaker so that he or she knows the message was received. Effective listening is often taken for granted, but its a valuable managerial tool. PERSONAL ASSESSMENT SUPPORTIVE COMMUNICATION In order to be sincere and able to know my managerial shortcoming in this skill area, I assessed myself based on the following questionnaires before and after reading and participating during lectures. The evaluation of these questionnaires is as a result of weakness observed when learning this skills and much effort is needed to overcome these shortcomings as comparing myself to 5000 students who also took the same assessment. Rating Scale 1. Strongly disagree 2. Disagree 3. Slightly disagree 4. Slightly agree 5. Agree 6. Strongly agree Assessment Pre Post Questionnaires 3 6 When I give feedback to others, I avoid referring to personal characteristics and focus on problems or solutions instead 2 6 I always link negative feedback to a standard or expectation that has been violated 2 5 When I try to correct someone’s behavior, our relationship is almost always strengthened. 1 6 I am descriptive in giving negative feedback to others. That is, I objectively describe events, their consequences, and my feelings about them 3 6 I always suggest specific alternatives to individuals whose behavior I’m trying to correct 3 6 I reinforce other people’s sense of self-worth and self-esteem in my communication with them. 2 5 When asking questions of others in order to understand their viewpoints better, I generally ask â€Å"what† questions instead of â€Å"why† questions 2 6 I don’t dominate conversations with others. 1 6 I hold regular, private meetings with people with whom I work and with whom I live. 2 5 I strive to identify some area of agreement in a discussion with someone who has a different point of view Table # 1: supporting communication questionnaires and responses. SKILLS ASSESSMENT INTERPRETATION The first five questionnaires are in respect of how I can effectively communicate negative feedback, the higher the scores the better for one to communicate effectively negative feedback than the lower scoring. Whereas the last five questionnaires are also in respect of how I can be effective in communicating supportively, and again the higher the scoring the better than the lower scoring. The total scoring before the reading and class participating as shown above was 21 scores as compares to an average 5000 student mean quartile scores of 45 out of possible 60 scores and my score after was 57 out of possible 60 scores. This indicates better understanding and knowledge on how I can effectively communicates negative feedback to someone in a supportive manner. PRACTICAL APPLICATION – SUPPORTIVE COMMUNICATION The above after reading and acquiring the knowledge does not make me a better person to be effective in supporting communication, is just acknowledgement of how critical supporting communication is in every facet in one’s life. It takes several practices and on the field application of this knowledge that one become effective communicating supportively. However since practice make man perfect; the following are planned practical steps activities to help me to communicate supportively. First in the MBA program, working in groups are integral part of the program, hence supporting commununication is very important at all level of group activities. That is from group formation, sharing of responsibilities, embarking on assigned group assignment and holding rehearsal presentations within the group. To put supportive communication into practice, I have asked two group members to assess me whenever is my turn to communicate feedback to a group member who has presented during group rehearsals on his/her weakness as well as whenever is my turn to be counseled after my presentation. Two different will let me know objectively about the assessment. I will also purchase a voice recorder so that I can listen to it after group discussion. Secondary I have planned to be friend with those who generally I don’t associate better due to their character traits, race, culture and religion. Trying to form friendship with such people will always help me to improve on my supporting communication skills. The reason being that since I have a perceived mind already regarding them, accepting them as friends will be a real challenge, however that will also help me improve on not always dominating but also welcoming others viewpoint in discussions which is one of the eight attributes of good supporting communication. Finally in the house since children are active when ever decisions goes their way, I will ask each of them to count the number of times I get angry and why when am having discussions with them or in dealing with each individuals in the house. This will help me to work on my anger level since it will be difficult for someone with high level of anger to be supportive in communication especially when communicating negative feedback. REFERENCES Whetten, D., Cameron, S. (2011). Developing Management Skills (8th. ed.). Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall. Vucaj, I. (2013). Managing human resources. Blog at wordPress.com. Robbins, S P., Coulter, M. (2012). Management (11th. ed.). Pearson education. Schmidt, J., Uecker, D. (2007). Increasing understanding of routine/everyday  interaction in relationships. Communication Teacher, 21, 111-116.